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- John Horel
- NOAA Cooperative Institute for Regional Prediction
- Department of Meteorology
- University of Utah
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- National Fire plan: www.fireplan.gov
- National Interagency Fire Center (NIFC): www.nifc.gov
- GACCs: www.nifc.gov/fireinfo/geomap.html
- Fire Danger PocketCards: famweb.nwcg.gov/pocketcards
- GeoMAC: geomac.usgs.gov
- DRI: www.wrcc.dri.edu/fire/FW2.html
- Wildland Fire Assessment System: www.fs.fed.us/land/wfas/
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- Crown fire - a severe fire where flames travel from tree to tree at the
level of the tree’s crowns or tops.
- Fire line - a zone along a fire’s edge where there is little or no fuel
available to the fire
- Backfire - a fire started to stop
an advancing fire by creating a burned area in its path
- Firebrand - flaming or glowing fuel particles that can be carried
naturally by wind, convection currents or gravity into unburned fuels
- Spotting - outbreak of secondary fires as firebrands or other burning
materials are carried ahead of the main fire by winds
- wildfire - an unwanted fire that requires measures of control.
- firing pattern - the specific pattern and timing of ignition of a
prescribed fire to affect the direction or rate of fire spread and fire
intensity.
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- Oct. 8–14 1871
- over 1,500 lives lost and 3.8 million acres burned in nation's worst
forest fire
- Weather: prolonged and widespread drought and high temperatures,
capped off by a cyclonic storm in early October
- Started same day as Chicago fire (cow/lantern)
- http://www.peshtigofire.info/
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- The most constant in time of the three factors, but may vary over space.
- Elevation, aspect, slope steepness, landform characteristics.
- Linked to spatial variations in climate (determines fuel type and
loading) and temporal and spatial variations in weather.
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- The amount of wildland fuel available for burning depends on fuel
moisture, which depends directly on past and present atmospheric
humidity and precipitation.
- Different fuels respond to changes in humidity and precipitation at
different rates.
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- The most important variable in determining fire ignition, rate of
combustion, and energy output from fire.
- fmc = 100 * (field weight-oven dry weight)/ODW
- dead fuels, 1.5-30% moisture content
- live fuels, 35-200% moisture content
- Live FMC varies seasonally with phenology.
- Dead FMC varies daily with moisture.
- Fire Danger Rating uses Dead FMC as a key component.
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- Four size classes with characteristic reaction times (time lags) to
changes in atmospheric moisture
- 1-h 0 to 0.25" (0-6mm)
- 10-h 0.25 to 1.0" (6 to 25mm)
- 100-h 1.0 to 3.0" (25 to 76mm)
- 1000-h 3.0 to 8.0" (76 to 203mm)
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- Is the most variable over time and is the most difficult for the
resource manager to predict.
- Directly affects fire behaviour and significantly affects smoke
production and dispersion.
- Lightning, strong winds, precipitation and humidity
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- to reduce the danger of large catastrophic fires
- to prepare land for planting
- to control spread of disease or insect infestations
- to benefit plant species that are dependent on fire
- to influence plant succession
- to alter soil nutrients
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- Sweeping shift in forest policy: Bush plan would skip environmental
reviews
- WASHINGTON — In a sweeping forest-policy revision, the Bush
administration announced plans yesterday to fundamentally alter how it
manages federal lands by skipping extensive environmental reviews in the
name of wildfire prevention.
- The proposal is part of a strategy to streamline environmental laws and
help the land-management bureaucracy tick along more smoothly. It would
allow the administration, in many cases, to skip traditional
environmental analysis for projects that reduce wildfire risks or
rehabilitate forests after wildfires occur.
- But environmentalists saw the changes as an attempt to remove the
public's voice from decision-making while the administration tries to
boost logging on federal lands. And some in Congress viewed the
proposals as an attempt to sidestep lawmakers.
- The debate heated up last fall, after more than 7 million acres burned
nationwide and President Bush announced his "Healthy Forests
Initiative." The plan called for a range of changes, from limiting
bureaucratic processes and appeals to expediting work that reduces
wildfire dangers.
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