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Planetary-scale waves are observed that remain
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fixed with respect to the earth’s surface:
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Possible causes are geographic distribution of:
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Mountains (Charney and Eliassen 1949)
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Land/sea differences and inequitable distribution of
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sensible and latent heating (Smagorinsky 1953)
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After 30 years of debate, answer settled that both
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are important, but mountains perhaps a little more
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so
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